From 1819 to 1830, Simon Bolivar was the president of which of the following countries, which immediately following the wars of independence, was the third largest Latin American country in area?
a. Argentina
b. Mexico
c. Gran Columbia
d. The United Provinces of Central America
According to the Collins Atlas of World History published in England what portion of the England, £388 million of foreign investment in Mexico in 1911 came from the United States?
a. over 50%
b. between 25% and 30%
c. around 20%
d. less than 10%
Which one of the following modern capital cities is matched correctly with the Spanish colonial administrative division in which is was once located?
a. Mexico City – Viceroyalty of New Granada
b. Buenos Aires – Viceroyalty y y of the Rio de la Plata
c. Panama City – Kingdom or Captaincy General of Guatemala
d. Port-au-Prince – Viceroyalty of New Spain
In 1963, which Latin American country, with a population of nearly 60 000 000 did only 60,000,000, between 20 and 30 percent of its citizens enjoy a middle class standard of living?
a. Argentina
b. Brazil
c. Cuba
d. Mexico
Where is the location of Sao Paulo, Rio de Faniero, and Minas Gerais, the three provinces that dominated the government and economy of Brazil during the 19th century?
a. along the Amazon River in central Brazil
b. in the Amazon River delta in eastern Brazil
c. in the southwestern corner along the Brazil-Argentina border
d. midway along the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil
Which one of the following areas is identified correctly? missing map
a. 1 = Peru
b. 2 = Patagonia
c. 3 = Uruguay
d. 4 = Paraguay
Unlike the Bourbon Reforms in Spanish America, the Pombaline reforms in Portuguese America achieved which of the following?
a. assured Creole elites that royal forces could maintain, defend, and keep order in colonial America
b. created a sense of imperial unity between the Iberian and colonial elites
c. ended the colonial economy’s dependence on agriculture and vastly expanded the mining of gold and diamonds
d. formed a social and political alliance between colonial administrators and Catholic Church clergy, including the Jesuits
During and after the wars of independence, conservative creoles of Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, as well as other Latin American it countries, would have been most likely to try to imitate which one of the following political examples?
a. the American constitutional compromises that preserved slavery and white supremacy
b. the British model of limited monarchy and parliamentary government
c. the French establishment of a representative government based upon nearly universal male suffrage
d. the French and American efforts to eliminate a state religion or church
The Spanish-American wars of independence began as political expressions of which of the following movements?
a. opposition to monarchy in any form and support for republican government
b. opposition to traditional racial divisions and support for nativism and social equality
c. opposition to the Bonapartist king of Spain and loyalty to the legitimate Bourbon king and his heir
d. support for the principles of the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte’s efforts to reform West European culture
Brazil gained independence in 1822 in spite of the position of which of the following?
a. Brazil’s Prince Regent Dom Pedro in Rio de Janeiro and his father, Portugal’s King João VI in Lisbon
b. the British government and navy
c. conservative Creole monarchists in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
d. Portuguese troops and regional juntas in various Brazilian provinces
During the wars of independence, which of the following countries provided the most important direct and indirect foreign policy support to Latin American Rebels?
a Great Britain
b. France
c. the United States
d. no foreign power provided significant support to Latin American rebels
During the wars of independence, which of the following elements of colonial Latin American society survived in Brazil, but not in Argentina and Mexico?
a. an export economy that exchanged agricultural goods and minerals for manufactured and luxury goods
b. Agrarian and mining production dependent upon coerced non-white labor
c. social hierarchy dominated by a white European elite
d. system of political legitimacy based upon hereditary monarchy
What, according to both Edwin Williamson and John Charles Chasteen, was the basic contradiction between political theory and social reality that fatally undermined the stability of the newly independent Latin American Republicans?
a. liberal belief in the superiority of reason over faith versus the traditional devotion of peasants and landowners to the Roman Catholic Church
b. liberal domination of urban life and the political system versus conservative domination of rural areas and the economic system
c. liberal emphasis on the equality of all citizens under law versus the fundamentally conservative hierarchical structure of society
d. liberal Creole vision of a united centralized state versus the local and regional loyalties of mixed-race and indigenous peoples
What did both the liberals in Nicaragua and the conservatives in Mexico do to severely discredit themselves and their ideologies in the 1850’s and 1860’s?
a. attempted an unequal alliance with the United States government
b. attempted to break up collective landholdings and distribute farmland to individual families
c. challenged the power and influence of the Roman Catholic Church
d. relied upon armed foreign forces to help them defeat their political opponents
After the 1850’s, according to John Charles Chasteen, what concept became the “secular religion” of the liberals as they began to regain control of Latin American governments?
a. Cultural pride expressed by the rejection of European traditions and the glorification of indigenous peoples
b. Economic independence based upon self-sufficiency and the rejection of foreign investments and trade
c. Political progress represented by republican constitutions and democratic elections and the rejection of caudillo leadership
d. Technological advancements represented by new forms of transportation and communication
Which of the following Northern Hemisphere countries markets investments provided the largest share of markets, investments, and technologies for the booming economy of late-19th century Argentina?
a. Britain
b. France
c. Germany
d. The United States
In the last two decades of the 19th century, Argentina became one of the richest nations in the world with an economy based upon which of the following exports?
a. Capital and technichal expertise
b. Low-priced consumer goods
c. Natural resources, including gold and oil
d. Meat and wheat
Why does John Charles Chasteen argue that Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, and other Latin American countries experienced a period of “neocolonialism” neocolonialism between 1870 and 1930?
a. Because American and British businesses and their Latin American allies monopolized any benefits produced by Latin America’s export economies
b. Because the American and British governments annexed strategic Latin American sea ports and coastlines
c. Because French and British philosophy, science, and art dominated Latin America and replaced Iberian influences
d. Because Latin America’s educated white, urban, elite ruthlessly suppressed the indigenous and mixed-race cultures of rural and interior regions
During The Porfiriato, the expansion of export agriculture that accompanied the dramatic growth of the Mexican economy had on the rural what impact Indian peasants?
a. Government programs converted the communal lands to successful commercial farms that profited from the export of agricultural products
b. They joined with the Catholic clergy in a successful effort to protect their communal lands and their traditional agricultural methods
c. They were driven off of communal lands and forced to work for large landowners who kept them constantly in debt and dependent
d. Unable to modernize their farms, large numbers of rural peasants emigrated to the United States
According to the Collins Atlas of World History published in England, which countries provided the £2,000,000,000 of foreign monies invested in Latin American in 1913?
a. Over half came from the United Kingdom and the rest came from the United States, France and Germany
b. Over half came from the United States, and the rest from the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
c. ¼ came from the United Kingdom, ¼ from the United States, ¼ from Spain, and the rest from France, Germany and Portugal
d. ¼ came from the United Kingdom, ¼ from the United States, and the rest from France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Portugal
Practice Questions: Answer Key On Separate Page
a. Argentina
b. Mexico
c. Gran Columbia
d. The United Provinces of Central America
a. over 50%
b. between 25% and 30%
c. around 20%
d. less than 10%
a. Mexico City – Viceroyalty of New Granada
b. Buenos Aires – Viceroyalty y y of the Rio de la Plata
c. Panama City – Kingdom or Captaincy General of Guatemala
d. Port-au-Prince – Viceroyalty of New Spain
a. Argentina
b. Brazil
c. Cuba
d. Mexico
a. along the Amazon River in central Brazil
b. in the Amazon River delta in eastern Brazil
c. in the southwestern corner along the Brazil-Argentina border
d. midway along the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil
a. 1 = Peru
b. 2 = Patagonia
c. 3 = Uruguay
d. 4 = Paraguay
a. assured Creole elites that royal forces could maintain, defend, and keep order in colonial America
b. created a sense of imperial unity between the Iberian and colonial elites
c. ended the colonial economy’s dependence on agriculture and vastly expanded the mining of gold and diamonds
d. formed a social and political alliance between colonial administrators and Catholic Church clergy, including the Jesuits
a. the American constitutional compromises that preserved slavery and white supremacy
b. the British model of limited monarchy and parliamentary government
c. the French establishment of a representative government based upon nearly universal male suffrage
d. the French and American efforts to eliminate a state religion or church
a. opposition to monarchy in any form and support for republican government
b. opposition to traditional racial divisions and support for nativism and social equality
c. opposition to the Bonapartist king of Spain and loyalty to the legitimate Bourbon king and his heir
d. support for the principles of the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte’s efforts to reform West European culture
a. Brazil’s Prince Regent Dom Pedro in Rio de Janeiro and his father, Portugal’s King João VI in Lisbon
b. the British government and navy
c. conservative Creole monarchists in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
d. Portuguese troops and regional juntas in various Brazilian provinces
a Great Britain
b. France
c. the United States
d. no foreign power provided significant support to Latin American rebels
a. an export economy that exchanged agricultural goods and minerals for manufactured and luxury goods
b. Agrarian and mining production dependent upon coerced non-white labor
c. social hierarchy dominated by a white European elite
d. system of political legitimacy based upon hereditary monarchy
a. liberal belief in the superiority of reason over faith versus the traditional devotion of peasants and landowners to the Roman Catholic Church
b. liberal domination of urban life and the political system versus conservative domination of rural areas and the economic system
c. liberal emphasis on the equality of all citizens under law versus the fundamentally conservative hierarchical structure of society
d. liberal Creole vision of a united centralized state versus the local and regional loyalties of mixed-race and indigenous peoples
a. attempted an unequal alliance with the United States government
b. attempted to break up collective landholdings and distribute farmland to individual families
c. challenged the power and influence of the Roman Catholic Church
d. relied upon armed foreign forces to help them defeat their political opponents
a. Cultural pride expressed by the rejection of European traditions and the glorification of indigenous peoples
b. Economic independence based upon self-sufficiency and the rejection of foreign investments and trade
c. Political progress represented by republican constitutions and democratic elections and the rejection of caudillo leadership
d. Technological advancements represented by new forms of transportation and communication
a. Britain
b. France
c. Germany
d. The United States
a. Capital and technichal expertise
b. Low-priced consumer goods
c. Natural resources, including gold and oil
d. Meat and wheat
a. Because American and British businesses and their Latin American allies monopolized any benefits produced by Latin America’s export economies
b. Because the American and British governments annexed strategic Latin American sea ports and coastlines
c. Because French and British philosophy, science, and art dominated Latin America and replaced Iberian influences
d. Because Latin America’s educated white, urban, elite ruthlessly suppressed the indigenous and mixed-race cultures of rural and interior regions
a. Government programs converted the communal lands to successful commercial farms that profited from the export of agricultural products
b. They joined with the Catholic clergy in a successful effort to protect their communal lands and their traditional agricultural methods
c. They were driven off of communal lands and forced to work for large landowners who kept them constantly in debt and dependent
d. Unable to modernize their farms, large numbers of rural peasants emigrated to the United States
a. Over half came from the United Kingdom and the rest came from the United States, France and Germany
b. Over half came from the United States, and the rest from the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
c. ¼ came from the United Kingdom, ¼ from the United States, ¼ from Spain, and the rest from France, Germany and Portugal
d. ¼ came from the United Kingdom, ¼ from the United States, and the rest from France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Portugal